Identification and Explanation of Psychological Factors Affecting the Empowerment of Adolescents With Identity Confusion: A Narrative Review

Mojgan Pourdel; Mansour Sodani; Reza Khojasteh Mehr

Authors

Mojgan Pourdel Ph.D. Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-9146
Mansour Sodani Professor, Department of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-3808
Reza Khojasteh Mehr Professor, Department of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-3823

Keywords:

psychological empowerment, identity confusion, psychological factors, adolescent

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine and categorize the psychological factors associated with the psychological empowerment of adolescents with identity confusion based on the existing research evidence.

Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using a narrative review approach. The literature search covered the period from 2016 to May 21, 2026. Domestic and international databases, including Magiran, SID, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Libgen.li, and Noormags, were searched using keywords related to “psychological empowerment,” “adolescence,” “identity confusion,” and “psychological factors.” Articles that were conceptually and empirically relevant to the study topic were selected and analyzed using a descriptive–analytical approach. The narrative review approach was selected because of the conceptual nature of the topic and the diversity of theoretical approaches adopted in previous studies, which precluded systematic quantitative synthesis and integration.

Findings: The synthesis of the reviewed studies indicated that the psychological empowerment of adolescents with identity confusion is influenced by a set of psychological factors, including self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotion regulation, perceived social support, coping styles, and identity coherence. These factors may contribute to strengthening perceived competence, self-understanding, adjustment, internal control, and effective coping with developmental challenges. Adolescents with stronger psychological resources demonstrate more adaptive functioning in managing developmental crises, decision-making, and social interactions.

Conclusion: Psychological empowerment among adolescents with identity confusion is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by diverse psychological contexts. Attention to these factors can contribute to the development of supportive, counseling, and preventive programs within educational and family settings. Strengthening adolescents’ internal capacities and personal resources may reduce the adverse consequences of identity confusion and promote their mental health.

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